ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo de depresión post ictus isquémico (DPI) en pacientes adultos. Material y métodos: Estudio tipo caso y control no pareado. Se incluyeron 81 casos y 81 controles de pacientes del consultorio externo de neurología del Hospital Santa Rosa de Lima, atendidos entre setiembre y diciembre del 2018. Se registraron variables clínicas y epidemiológicas mediante una ficha de datos. Para el diagnóstico de depresión se empleó la Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Se establecieron asociaciones mediante el cálculo de los Odds Ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC). Se compararon los casos y controles usando un análisis multivariado de regresión logística. Resultados: Las variables asociadas con DPI fueron: tabaquismo (OR=4,67; IC95%, 1,99-10,92, p<0,001), lesión localizada en el hemisferio izquierdo (OR=3,11; IC 95%, 1,41-6,84, p=0,005) y deterioro cognitivo (OR=3,18; IC95%, 1,42-7,10, p=0,005). Conclusiones: En pacientes con antecedente de ictus isquémico, el tabaquismo, la localización de la lesión en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo y el deterioro cognitivo, se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de depresión. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para definir mejor la naturaleza de dichas asociaciones.
Summary Objective: To identify risk factors for depression after and ischemic ictus (DII) in adults. Methods: A non-matched case-control study was carried-out including 81 cases and controls, respectively recruited from the neurologic outpatient clinic of Hospital Santa Rosa de Lima from September to December of 2018. Clinical and epidemiological data were gathered and stored in a data base. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to diagnose depression. Odds rations and 95% CI were calculated and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. Results: smoking (OR=4.67; IC95%, 1.99-10.92, p<0.001), lesion located on the left hemisphere (OR=3.11; IC95%, 1.41-6.84, p=0.005) and cognitive deterioration (OR=3.18; IC95%, 1.42-7.10, p=0.005) were independently associated with DII. Conclusions: Smoking, lesions located on the left hemisphere and cognitive deterioration were associated with DII but further studies are needed to elucidate the nature of these associations.
ABSTRACT
Apoptosis is an active form of cell death that can be observed both in physiological and pathological conditions. The apoptotic process (programmed cell death) can be studied "in vivo" and "in vitro" conditions. It is a programmed and organized energy dependent response to cellular media changes, and sometimes it requires genetic expression The typical morphological changes of apoptosis are: condensation of the cytoplasm and the nuclear chromatin, early cytoplasmatic blebs, DNA degradation preferentially between the nucleosomes and generation of apoptotic bodies. The aim of this paper is to describe an experimental model of apoprosis using Hep-2 cul-tured cells, and as inductor agent a culture medium solution with Paclitaxel at the concentra-tion of 5 (M/ml during 20 hours. Paclitaxel is a potent antitumor drug which acts by stabilizing microtubules (irreversible tubulin polymerization), preventing normal mitosis, and resulting in a blockage of the cell cycle at G2 - M and cell death from apoptosis. In the present work, we could appreciate the presence ofi apoptotic cells, cells blocked in mitosis, multinucleated interphase cells, and cells resembling controls. Our findings support the use of Paclitaxel for the development of experimental model of apoptosis "in vitro".